The relationship between delinquency and the use of psychoactive substances in adolescence:
an integrative literature review
Abstract
Substance use and delinquency are behaviors that may maintain a strong and complex relationship, with a need to further investigate the possible processes and relations within the “crime-drug relationship.” This integrative review aimed to identify and evaluate the available evidence concerning the following question: what are the relationships between substance use and delinquency and the processes of influence between these two behaviors? Searches were conducted in the LILACS, JSTOR, PsycINFO, SciELO, Sociological Abstracts, and Web of Science databases, using the descriptors “substance use” AND “juvenile delinquency”. Evidence from eighteen studies suggests a greater likelihood of delinquency preceding substance use for males; substance use acts by fostering conditions for continued involvement in offences over time (persistence of delinquency from adolescence to adulthood), increasing the likelihood of recidivism. The analysis of different types of criminal behavior (normative, serious, violent) and varying levels of psychoactive substance use reveals distinct patterns of interaction between the two behaviors, as well as the relevance of environmental influences. A single deterministic explanatory model is insufficient to account for the complexity and plurality of this relationship.
References
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Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Bright, C. L., Sacco, P., Kolivoski, K. M., Stapleton, L. M., Jun, H., & Morris-Compton, D. (2017). Gender differences in patterns of substance use and delinquency: A latent transition analysis. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 26(2), 162–173. https://doi.org/10.1080/1067828X.2016.1242100
Brook, J. S., Lee, J. Y., Finch, S. J., & Brook, D. W. (2015). Conjoint trajectories of depressive symptoms and delinquent behavior predicting substance use disorders. Addictive Behaviors, 42, 14–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.10.038
Cauffman, E., Beardslee, J., Sbeglia, C., Frick, P. J., & Steinberg, L. (2024). Trajectories of offending over 9 years after youths' first arrest: What predicts who desists and who continues to offend? Journal of Research on Adolescence, 34(1), 1312–1325. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12926
Craig, J. M., Zettler, H. R., Wolff, K. T., & Baglivio, M. T. (2019). Considering the mediating effects of drug and alcohol use, mental health, and their co-occurrence on the adverse childhood experiences–recidivism relationship. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 17(3), 219–240. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541204018796910
Drazdowski, T. K., Jäggi, L., Borre, A., & Kliewer, W. L. (2015). Use of prescription drugs and future delinquency among adolescent offenders. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 48(1), 28–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2014.07.008
Denney, A. S., & Connor, D. P. (2016). Serious juvenile offenders who have experienced emerging adulthood: Substance use and recidivism. Child and Youth Services Review, 67, 11–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.05.014
Duke, A. A., Smith, K. M. Z., Oberleitner, L. M. S., Westphal, A., & McKee, S. A. (2018). Alcohol, drugs, and violence: A meta-meta-analysis. Psychology of Violence, 8(2), 238–249. https://doi.org/10.1037/vio0000106
Grant, M. J., & Booth, A. (2009). A typology of reviews: An analysis of 14 review types and associated methodologies. Health Information & Libraries Journal, 26(2), 91–108. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-1842.2009.00848.x
Green, K. M., Doherty, E. E., Sifat, M. S., & Ensminger, M. E. (2019). Explaining continuity in substance use: The role of criminal justice system involvement over the life course of an urban African American prospective cohort. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 195, 74–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.09.033
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Hamidullah, S., Thorpe, H. H. A., Frie, J. A., McCurdy, R. D., & Khokhar, J. Y. (2020). Adolescent substance use and the brain: Behavioral, cognitive and neuroimaging correlates. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 14, 298. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2020.00298
Herrera, C. M., & Boxer, P. (2019). The role of gender in risk for substance use among justice-involved youth. Child and Youth Services Review, 100, 485–493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.03.023
Holloway, E. D., Folk, J. B., Ordorica, C., & Tolou-Shams, M. (2022). Peer, substance use, and race-related factors associated with recidivism among first-time justice-involved youth. Law and Human Behavior, 46(2), 140–153. https://doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000471
Kazemian, L., Farrington, D. P., & Le Blanc, M. (2009). Can we make accurate long-term predictions about patterns of de-escalation in offending behavior? Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 38(3), 384–400. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-008-9338-z
Kim, B. K. E., Gilman, A. B., Kosterman, R., & Hill, K. G. (2019). Longitudinal associations among depression, substance abuse, and crime: A test of competing hypotheses for driving mechanisms. Journal of Criminal Justice, 62, 50–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2018.08.005
Komatsu, A. V., & Bazon, M. R. (2018). Risk and protective factors for violent offenses: A systematic review of the literature. Revista Perspectivas em Psicologia, 22(1), 180–206. https://doi.org/10.14393/PPv22n1a2018-13
Komatsu, A. V., Costa, R. C. S., Galinari, L. S., Carpio de la Torre, R., & Bazon, M. R. (2020). Substance use and involvement in situations of violence: A typological study of a Brazilian population-based sample. International Annals of Criminology, 57(1–2), 25–47. https://doi.org/10.1017/cri.2020.3
Laursen, B., Hartl, A. C., Vitaro, F., Brendgen, M., Dionne, G., & Boivin, M. (2017). The spread of substance use and delinquency between adolescent twins. Developmental Psychology, 53(2), 329–339. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000217
Le Blanc, M. (2009). The development of deviant behavior, its self-regulation. Monatsschrift für Kriminologie und Strafrechtsreform, 92(2), 117–136. https://doi.org/10.1515/mks-2009-922-304
Liu, Y. P., Guo, X., & Yang, B. (2021). Age at onset of drug use and aggressive behavior: The role of internal and environmental factors. Current Psychology, 40(12), 6227–6237. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02013-x
Marquez-Ramos, F., Alarcon, D., Amian, J. G., Fernandez-Portero, C., Arenilla-Villalba, M. J., & Sanchez-Medina, J. (2023). Risk decision making and executive function among adolescents and young adults. Behavioral Sciences, 13(2), 142. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13020142
Moffitt, T. E. (2018). Male antisocial behavior in adolescence and beyond. Nature Human Behavior, 2, 177–186. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-018-0309-4
Molero, Y., Larsson, A., Tengström, A., & Eklund, J. (2015). Are offending trajectories identified in population sample studies relevant for treatment settings? A comparison of long-term offending trajectories in individuals treated for substance abuse in adolescence, to a matched general population sample. Criminal Behavior and Mental Health, 25(5), 416–428. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbm.1939
Nawi, A. M., Ismail, R., Ibrahim, F., Hassan, M. R., Manaf, M. R. A., Amit, N., Ibrahim, N., & Shafurdin, N. S. (2021). Risk and protective factors of drug abuse among adolescents: A systematic review. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 2088. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11906-2
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., ... Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 372, n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
Roberts, W., Schick, M. R., Tomko, R. L., McRae-Clark, A. L., Pittmann, B., Gueorguieva, R., & McKee, S. A. (2023). Developmental trajectories of alcohol and cannabis concurrent use in a nationally representative sample of United States youths. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 248, 109908. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109908
Sataloff, R. T., Bush, M. L., Chandra, R., Chepeha, D., Rotenberg, B., Fisher, E. W., Goldenberg, D., Hanna, E. Y., Kerschner, J. E., Kraus, D. H., Krouse, J. H., Li, D., Link, M., Lustig, L. R., Selesnick, S. H., Sindwani, R., Smith, R. J., Tysome, J. R., Weber, P. C., & Welling, D. B. (2021). Systematic and other reviews: Criteria and complexities. World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 7(3), 236–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wjorl.2021.04.007
Schneider, J. A., Mello, L. T. N., Limberger, J., & Andretta, I. (2016). Adolescentes usuários de drogas e em conflito com a lei: Revisão sistemática da literatura nacional. Psicologia Argumento, 34(85), 120–132. https://doi.org/10.7213/psicol.argum.34.085.AO03
Shpiegel, S., Lister, J. J., & Isralowitz, R. (2016). Relationships between delinquency and substance use among adolescents emancipating from foster care. Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions, 16(1–2), 113–131. https://doi.org/10.1080/1533256X.2016.1164059
Staff, J., Maggs, J. L., Seto, C., Dillavou, J., & Vuolo, M. (2020). Electronic and combustible cigarette use in adolescence: Links with adjustment, delinquency, and other substance use. Journal of Adolescent Health, 66(1), 39–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.08.030
Slotboom, A.-M., Rodermond, E., & Hendriks, J. (2022). Women’s desistance from crime: The role of individual, relational, and socio-structural factors over time. In C. M. Langton & J. R. Worling (Eds.), Facilitating desistance from aggression and crime: Theory, research, and strength-based practice (pp. 173–193). John Wiley & Sons Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119166504.ch9
Tolou-Shams, M., Folk, J. B., Holloway, E. D., Ordorica, C. M., Dauria, E. F., Kemp, K., & Stanton, B. (2023). Psychiatric and substance-related problems predict recidivism for first-time justice-involved youth. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 51(1), 35–46. https://doi.org/10.29158/JAAPL.220028-21
Turner, R., Daneback, K., & Skårner, A. (2018). Assessing reciprocal association between drunkenness, drug use, and delinquency during adolescence: Separating within- and between-person effects. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 191, 286–293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.06.035
Turner, R., Daneback, K., & Skårner, A. (2020). Explaining trajectories of adolescent drunkenness, drug use, and criminality: A latent transition analysis with socio-ecological covariates. Addictive Behaviors,102, 106145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106145
Walters, G. D. (2018). Does drug use inhibit crime deceleration or does crime inhibit drug use deceleration? A test of the reciprocal risk postulate of the worst of both worlds hypothesis. Substance Use & Misuse, 53(10), 1681–1687. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2018.1424914
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Published
2025-06-03
How to Cite
MOZANER ROMANO, T.; BAZON, M. The relationship between delinquency and the use of psychoactive substances in adolescence:. Interamerican Journal of Forensic Psychology, v. 1, n. 3, p. 52-70, 3 jun. 2025.
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Review
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